Thailand and Cambodia exchanged heavy artillery on Friday as their worst fighting in more than a decade stretched for a second day, despite calls from the region and beyond for an immediate ceasefire in a conflict that has killed at least 14 people.
Thailand's military reported clashes from before dawn in the Ubon Ratchathani and Surin provinces and said Cambodia had used artillery and Russian-made BM-21 rocket systems.
Authorities said 100,000 people had been evacuated from conflict areas on the Thai side.
"Cambodian forces have conducted sustained bombardment utilising heavy weapons, field artillery, and BM-21 rocket systems," the Thai military said in a statement.
"Thai forces have responded with appropriate supporting fire in accordance with the tactical situation."
Both sides blamed each other for starting the conflict on Thursday at a disputed border area, which quickly escalated from small arms fire to heavy shelling in at least six locations 209 km (130 miles) apart along a frontier where sovereignty has been disputed for more than a century.
Reuters journalists in Surin province reported hearing intermittent bursts of explosions on Friday, amid a heavy presence of armed Thai soldiers along roads and gas stations in the largely agrarian area.
A Thai military convoy, comprising around a dozen trucks, armoured vehicles, and tanks, cut across provincial roads lined with paddy fields and moved toward the border.
The fighting erupted on Thursday just hours after Thailand recalled its ambassador to Phnom Penh the previous night and expelled Cambodia's envoy, in response to a second Thai soldier losing a limb to a landmine that Bangkok alleged had been laid recently by rival troops.
Cambodia has dismissed that as baseless.
Death tolls rises
The Thai death toll had risen to 14 as of late Thursday, 13 of them civilians, according to the health ministry. It said 46 people were wounded, including 14 soldiers.
Cambodia's national government has not provided details of any casualties or evacuations of civilians. A government spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the latest clashes.
However, Meth Meas Pheakdey, spokesperson for the provincial administration of Cambodia's Oddar Meanchey province, said one civilian had been killed and five were wounded, with 1,500 families evacuated.
Thai-Cambodia military exchanges could lead to war, acting Thai PM says
The escalation of military exchanges between Thailand and Cambodia could move towards war, Acting Thai PM Phumtham Wechayachai told reporters on Friday.
At present, the clashes have involved heavy weapons, he said.
Thai military says Cambodia targeted civilian areas
Thailand's military on Friday condemned Cambodia's use of long-range weapons to "target civilian areas".
It accused Cambodia of committing "barbaric acts" that "have senselessly claimed the lives and inflicted injuries upon numerous innocent civilians".
Clashes between Thailand and Cambodia have taken place in 12 locations along their disputed border, a Thai military official shared, indicating a broadening of the conflict.
Rear Admiral Surasant Kongsiri, a military spokesperson, told a press conference that Cambodia had continued to use heavy weapons. The Thai military had on Thursday reported clashes in six locations.
Thailand had positioned six F-16 fighter jets on Thursday in a rare combat deployment, one of which was mobilised to strike a Cambodian military target, among measures Cambodia called "reckless and brutal military aggression".
The United States, a long-time treaty ally of Thailand, called for an "immediate cessation of hostilities, protection of civilians and a peaceful resolution."
Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, the chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, of which Thailand and Cambodia are members, said he had spoken to leaders of both countries and urged them to find a peaceful way out.
"I welcome the positive signals and willingness shown by both Bangkok and Phnom Penh to consider this path forward.
Malaysia stands ready to assist and facilitate this process in the spirit of ASEAN unity and shared responsibility," he said in a social media post late on Thursday.
