Iran ta ce WhatsApp ya fitar da bayanan sirrin masu amfani da bayanan sirri ga hukumomin leken asirin Isra'ila, yana mai nuni da cewa wannan keta sirrin na iya taimaka wa Isra'ila wajen kai wasu hare-hare ta sama da suka hallaka wasu manyan jami'an sojin Iran da masana kimiyyar nukiliyar kasar.

Kafar yaɗa labarai ta kasar Iran IRIB ta ruwaito cewa Meta, mamallakin WhatsApp, ya bai wa jami'an leƙen asirin ƙasashen waje damar "bibiya da gano" maɓoyar manyan ma'aikatan Iran.

Ana zargin bayanan da aka fitar ta WhatsApp sun haɗa da wuraren da jama’a suke da bayanan sadarwa.

Hukumar ta IRIB ta shawarci ‘yan kasar da su goge manhajoji irinsu WhatsApp da Telegram, inda ta yi gargaɗin cewa “suna ɗaukar bayanai da bayyana wurin da mai amfani da shi yake da zarar an kunna wayar hannu ko kuma haɗa ta da intanet

Hukumomin ƙasar sun kuma bayar da shawarar hana ɗaukar wayoyin hannu a kusa da wasu wurare masu mahimmanci, tare da yin kira ga ɗaiɗaikun mutane, musamman ma'aikatan cibiyoyi masu mahimmanci, da su guji amfani da manhajoji marasa tsaro wajen sadarwa.

Meta ya musanta zarge-zargen, yana mai nanata cewa WhatsApp na amfani da kare bayanan sirrin kowanne ɓangare, kuma baya bin diddigin wuraren da masu amfani da shi suke ko kuma satar bayanan sirri.

A cikin wata sanarwa da CBS News ta fitar, mai magana da yawun Meta ya kira rahotanni da cewa "ƙarya" ce, kuma ya bayyana damuwa cewa Iran na amfani da irin wannan iƙirarin a matsayin hujja don toshe damar yin amfani da manhajar tasu.

Gargaɗin na Iran ya zo ne a daidai lokacin da duniya ke ci gaba da binciken manhajojin saƙonni da ke ikirarin ɓoye sirrin masu amfani da su. Telegram, wanda ke da'awar zama jarumin kare sirri, kwanan nan ya fuskanci wani bincike wanda ya bayyana cewa injiniyoyin Rasha ne ke kula da yadda manhajar ke aiki, kuma an gano a baya yana da alaƙa da FSB da sashen tsaron kasar.

A baya ma dai Meta ya fuskanci bincike don goyon bayan kamfanin ga Isra'ila, musamman ta hanyar abin da kungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan’adam suka bayyana a matsayin tsarin murƙushe abubuwan da ke goyon bayan Falasɗinu a faɗin shafuka da manhajojinsa.

Rahoton Human Rights Watch na 2023 ya kawo misalai sama da dubu inda Meta ya cire ko ɓoye kalaman magoya bayan Falasdinu a Facebook da Instagram.

Waɗannan ayyukan suna bayyana babban tsarin da kamfanonin fasaha na sadarwa ke amfani da su wajen yaɗa labarai da manufofin Isra’ila.

Fitar da bayanan da tsarin sanya idanu

Zargin na Iran ya samu karɓuwa a wani ɓangare saboda al'amuran da suka gabata inda aka samu satar bayanan mutane a manhajojin da ake cewa suna da tsaro da bayar da kariya.

A 2019, WhatsApp ya shigar da ƙara don a tuhumi kamfanin NSO Group na Isra'ila, yana zargin cewa an yi amfani da manhajarsa ta Pegasus don kutsawa cikin wayoyin masu amfani da manhajar 1,400, ciki har da 'yan jarida da masu fafutuka.

A watan Mayun 2025, wani alƙali na Amurka ya yanke hukunci a kan WhatsApp, inda ya umurci NSO a ya biya diyyar dala miliyan 168, wannan ne hukuncin shari'a na farko da ya samu wani mai ƙera kayan leken asiri da laifin keta mutuncin manhajar aika saƙon da aka ɓoye.

Yayin da NSO ya musanta zarge-zargen, yadda manhajar ta leken asiri ta samu ikon satar bayanan kira, da sakonni, da kyamarori, da na’urar magana, da bayanan wurin da mutum yake, ya haifar da shakku daga jama'a game da tsaron da ake cewa akwai.

Tuni aka zargi Pegasus da alaƙa da ayyukan sa ido da satar bayanai a ƙasashe sama da 50, inda a 2021 aka bayyana cewa an saci bayanan da suka haɗa da na shugabannin siyasa.

Wani bincike na baya bayan nan da abokan hulɗar OCCRP suka yi ya bayyana damuwa sosai game da amincewa da wata manhajar aika sakonni ta Telegram, duk da cewa ana mata kallon mai adana bayanai.

Rahoton ya bayyana cewa dubban adireshin IP na Telegram da injinan manhajar na ƙarƙashin kulawar Vladimir Vedeneev, injiniyan cibiyar sadarwar Rasha wadda tare da sauran kamfanoni suke bayar da bayanan leken asiri, ciki har da FSB da cibiyoyin bincike da ke da alaƙa da sojoji.

Ko da yake Telegram yana tallata shi a matsayin mai ɓoye bayanan kowanne ɓangare ne, masana sun yi gargaɗin cewa ka'idar MTProto ta manhajar ta ƙunshi bayanan metadata da ba a ɓoye suke ba, waɗanda za su iya bai wa masu kula da manhajar ikon bin diddigin bayanan na'ura da ma adreshin IP na masu amfani da ita ba ma tare da karanta saƙonninsu ba.

Fassara bayanai a matsayin dabarun samar da tsaro

Dangane da ƙaruwar damuwa game da leƙen asiri na ƙasashen waje da raunin manhajoji, gwamnatoci da dama, ciki har da na Iran, sun tsananta kira ga samar da dokokin fassara bayanan mutane tare da adana su a iyakokin ƙasashen masu amfani.

Masu fafutuka suna shakkun cewa irin waɗannan manufofin suna rage dogaro ga kayan aikin wajen ajiye bayanai a rumbunan ajiyar bayanai na Amurka, kuma suna ƙara sa ido bisa doka kan yadda ake samun dama ko raba bayanai masu mahimmanci.

Misali, Indiya ta bayar da ƙa'idojin bayar da kariya ga bayanan wadanda ke tilasta kare wasu rukunin bayanan sirri na mutum, yayin da Hukumar Kare Bayanai ta Turkiyya (KVKK) ta ƙarfafa hanyoyin aiki da hana fitar da bayanai zuwa kasashen waje.

Waɗannan yunƙurin na ƙoƙarin kawo ƙwararrun fasaha na duniya ƙarkashin ikon hukumomin ƙasa, musamman a lokutan rikici ko yaƙi, lokacin da ake kallon sadarwar yanar gizo ta zamani a matsayin muhimmiya ga tsaron ƙasa.

Wata hanyar da aka fi ƙauna ita ce haɓaka manhajojin aika saƙonni na cikin gida. Iran ta samar da nata manhajojin irin su Soroush, inda Pakistan kuma ta sanar da samar da manhajar gwamnati ta Beep Pakistan a 2023.

Da fari an tsara manhajar ne don sadarwar cikin gida a tsakanin jami’an gwamnatin tarayya saboda damuwar da aka daɗe ana fama da ita game da sirrin bayanai da kuma matsalar yanar intanet. Hukumar Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Ƙasa (NITB) ce ta samar da Beep, wanda ke da manufar samar da hanyar aika saƙonni mai tsaro ta cikin gida don kuɓuta daga na waje.

Ana tallata wadannan manhajoji sau da yawa a matsayin mafiya tsaro kuma ba a samun damar kutse a cikin su daga ƙasashen waje.

A yanayin da ake ciki a yanzu, inda zarge-zargen leken asiri na kasashen waje da sabbin raunin kayan fasaha ke ƙara yawa, gargaɗin Iran kan rawar da manhajojin aika saƙonni ke takawa a fagen yaƙi a yau, na bayyana hatsarin dogaro kan fasahar intanet ta wasu ƙasashen daban.