Bisa al’ada, watannin Afrilu da Mayu lokaci ne na tsananin zafi a Nijeriya, musamman a arewacin ƙasar.

Kuma a shekarun baya a irin wannan lokaci, yanayin samaniyar garuruwan arewa kan kasance tarwai, babu gajimare balle hazo, sai dai idan hadarin saukar damina.

Amma a baya-bayan nan, musamman ma wannan shekarar ta 2025, za a iya cewa lamarin ya ɗauki wani sabon salo.

Yayin da ake zambaɗa zafin da kwalla rana, abin mamaki sai ga shi samaniyar birane da ƙauyuka ya koma launin ja, tamkar na tarnaƙin hayaƙi ko guguwa mai cike da ƙura.

Wannan bargon ƙura da ke yi wa sama malafar hazo, yana fa faruwa ne a bazara, ba a cikin hunturu. Kuma ba duhun hadari ba ne, kunkuniyar jar ƙura ce mai kama da duku-dukun safiyar hunturu ko saukar almuru.

Alal misali a jihar Kano, a watan Afrilu da Mayun nan, hazo yana lulluɓe duk inda ka duba, ga ƙura ta sagale a samaniya, ta dusashe kaifin hasken rana da ake tsalawa, amma kuma zafin gari ya tsananta ya hana kowa sukuni. Sama ta yi duhu kamar tururin farfajiyar hamadar.

Sai dai duk da wannan sabon yanayi da yake neman zama jiki, da alama ba duka mutane ne ke hankalce da abin da ke faruwa ba, tamkar jama’a ba su san girman tasirin hakan da abin da yake nufi ga muhalli da rayuwar mazauna yankin ba.

Wani abin mamaki shi ne, ba kamar sauyin yanayi da ya shafi kusan dukkan yankunan duniya ba, za a iya cewa wannan sauyi da ake gani a yankin yammacin Afirka wani nau’in saɓawar muhalli da yanayi ne da masana suka daɗe zuna zancen barazanarsa.

A ƙasashe kamar na nahiyar Turai, a daidai wannan lokaci na bazara, sararin samaniyarsu tarwai yake, garai-garai kuma shuɗi, idan ba ka je biranen da hayakin motoci da injina suka gurbata musu sararin samaniya ba.

Bayanan masana muhalli

Wani ƙwararre kan sauyin yanayi da muhalli a Nijeriya, Malam Umar Saleh Anka ya shaida wa TRT Afrika cewa, wannan abu da ake gani wata babbar alama ce ta kwararowar hamadar Sahara da ke ƙasashen arewacin Afirka.

Da ma dai kasashen Nijar da Chadi da kuma yankunan arewacin Nijeriya suna cikin yankin Sahel, wanda ke zaman iyaka ko mararrabar hamadar Sahara da korayen yankunan gaɓar kudancin Afirka.

Sai dai ita hamada, tamkar guba ce mai yaɗo da mamayar maƙwabtanta. Rairayin hamada yakan bi iska ya watsu yana rufe ƙasar noma mai fitar da tsirrai da bishiyoyi ya hana ta riƙe ruwa.

Gurgusowar hamada lamari ne mai ban tsoro inda rairayi ke cinye yankuna yana mayar da su fako, yana hana noma, kiwo, da walwalar mazauna, saboda hana bishiyoyi tsiro da hana kwanciyar ruwa, da gusar da inuwa da kawar da walwalar jama’a.

Malam Anka ya ce, wannan lamari ya cancanci zama babban abin damuwa ga kowa da ke zama ko maƙwabtaka da yankunan da hamada ke addaba, musamman jihohin Kano, Jigawa, Katsina, Adamawa, Borno, Yobe, Sokoto, Kebbi, Zamfara, Bauchi, da Gombe.

Ya ce, “A baya yankunan nan suna da kariyar bishiyoyi da gandun dazuka, da tsirrai da suka baibaye da su, amma a yanzu, ayyukan ɗan’adam da halayyar ko-in-kula daga mahukunta da masu ruwa-da-tsaki a harkar muhalli, yanayi, da albarkatun kasa da sare bishiyoyi da rashin shuka su, da ruguza gandun daji suna maida yankunan tsirara”.

Masanin ya kuma ce, “A yanzu muna cikin fargaba sosai saboda ƙamfar makamashi, musamman abin da ake amfani da shi wajen girke-girke, wanda ke haddasa ci gaba da sare bishiyoyi cikin garuruwa har da ma dazuka da ke matuƙar ba da kariya ta hanyar ba mu iska mai kyau mu shaƙa, kuma take mana garkuwa daga afkowar iskar da ke tasowa daga Sahara, mai ɗauke da ƙura da yashin hamadar.”

Masu yawan yin tafiye-tafiye a jirgin sama daga Nijeriya zuwa Turai ko Gabas ta Tsakiya waɗanda dole sai sun tsallake hamadar Sahara, suna shaida yadda yashin hamadar ke yaɗuwa yana nausowa kudu da arewa, tamkar irin tafiyar hadari da gajimare.

Masana sun ce hamadar Sahara ita ce hamadar yashi mafi girma a duniya, kuma ita ce waje mafi tsananin zafi a doron duniya.

Akan dauki awanni uku a jirgi ana tafiya kafin ƙetare Saharar daga Nijeriya inda ake shiga Nijar, Libiya, Sudan a tsallaka Bahar Maliya ko ta Masar a tsallake Bahar Rum.

Girman Sahara ya kai murabba’in kilomita miliyan 9.4, wanda ya yi kusan kashi daya bisa na uku na girman nahiyar Afirka.

Ta yaya Hamada ke gurgusowa?

Masu bincke sun tabbatar da cewa lallai hamadar Sahara tana gurgusowa kudu, saboda sauyin yanayi da ake samu a duniya, da raguwar ruwan sama da ake samu musamman a yankuna makwabtanta.

Masu yawan tafiye-tafiye a jirgin sama da TRT Afrika ta zanta da su, sun tabbatar da yadda suke ganin alamun hakan, musamman yayin da jirgi ya fara yin ƙasa-ƙasa don shirin sauka a garuruwa kamar Kano.

“Na sha ganin yadda idan muka zo sauka a Kano mukan ga hazo da ƙura tamkar ana huro su wannan yankin,” in ji wani ɗan kasuwa mai yawan tafiye-tafiye a hirarsa da TRT Afrika.

A baya, Nijar na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi fuskantar barazanar mamayar hamada, amma Malam Umar Anka ya ce a yanzu Nijeriya ma ta shiga gaba-gaba wajen fuskantar matsalar.

Ƙwararru a fannin muhalli sun koka kan cewa wannan babbar matsala ce ga al’ummomin arewacin Nijeriya, saboda ƙarfin iskar da ke tahowa yana da yawa, kuma hakan yana kwashe albarkar kasar noma.

“Hazon da muke gani a kowane yanayi a yanzu ƙura ce, wadda ke tahowa daga hamada. Kuma hakan na nuna ba mu da katangar kariya ta bishiyoyi da tsirrai da ɗan’adam ke buƙata a kewayensa,” in ji Malam Anka.

Wasu ƙarin abubuwan da ke jawo kwararowar hamada sun kuma haɗa da yawaitar al’umma, da yawaitar sare bishiya, da rashin kula da bishiyoyin ko da an shuka su.

Daga cikin illolin kwararowar hamada har da jawo ƙarancin ruwan sama, da yaɗuwar cututtuka bila adadin masu alaƙa da sauyin yanayi, kamar yadda likitoci suke faɗa.

“Idan muhalli ya taɓu, to lafiya ta taɓu, idan lafiya ta taɓu to tattalin arziki ya taɓu, idan tattalin arziki ya taɓu kuwa to sai ya taɓa al’umma sosai,” in ji masana.

Neman mafita

Matsalar ba ta gwamnati ba ce ita kaɗai, kuma ba ta wani mutum ɗaya ba ce. Matsala ce ta alu’umma. Don haka kawai buƙatar haɗa hannu don tunkarar ta gadan-gadan, in ji ƙwararru.

Dole sai mun farka mu gane cewa matsalarmu ce kuma dole mu yi maganinta, musamman hanyar dashen bishiya a kuma kula da ita don kuwa ita ce za ta kula da muhalli, a cewar Anka.

A 2007 an kaddamar da gagarumin shirin Great Green Wall, na nahiyar Afirka mai manufar kawar da karatowar hamada da sauyin yanayi a yankin Sahel, ta hanyar dasa miliyoyin bishiyoyi.

Burin shirin shi ne zuwa 2030, za a ceto hekta miliyan 100 daga mamayar hamada, da samar da ayyukan-yi ga al’ummar karkara miliyan 10. Zuwa yanzu, shekara 18 bayan fara shi, an cim ma nasarar kashi 30 cikin 100, wato an ƙwato hekta miliyan 30 daga Sahara.

Sai dai shirin Katangar Kariya daga Sahara yana fuskantar ƙarancin kudade da suka kai biliyoyin daloli, saboda an ƙiyasta ana neman dala biliyan 33 nan da 2030. Sannan akwai matsalar tsaro a kasashen Sahel.