Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo ta dakatar da fitar da cobalt yayin da ƙasar da ta fi samar da ma’adanin ke fatan hakan zai dakatar da karyewar farashinsa.

Gwamnatin ta ce dakatar da fitar da cobalt —wani muhimmin sinadari na haɗa batiri — an yi ne da zummar daidaita kasuwarsa “a lokacin da cobalt ɗin ya yi yawa a kasuwar " duniya.

A shekarar 2024, Kongo DRC ta samar da kashi 76 cikin 100 na cobalt ɗin duniya, in ji hukumar Amurka da ke nazari kan albarkatun ƙarƙashin ƙasa, amma cikin shekaru ukun da suka wuce farashin cobalt ya faɗi da kaso 75 cikin 100 —faɗuwa mafi muni cikin shekaru takwas da suka wuce.

Robert Searle, masani a Fastmarkets, wata kafa mai ba da rahoto kan farashin albarkatun ƙasa, ya yi gargaɗin cewa dakatar da fitar da cobalt da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo ta yi ka iya kasancewa mai “hatsari ".

Katse samar da Cobalt

"Kamfanonin China sun saka jarin biliyoyin daloli a masana’antar haƙar ma’adinan Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo, kuma wannan rashin tabbas da kuma dakatar da fitar da cobalt ɗin, ya zo musu da mamaki kuma zai iya jinkirta ƙara saka jari a cikin ƙasar," kamar yadda ya shaida wa AFP.

Searle ya ce "ƙarin farashin kuɗin cobalt da kuma katse samar da shi za su iya sawa a ƙara samar da "batura mara cobalt ko kuma batura masu amfani da ma’adinai kaɗan cikin shekaru masu zuwa ".

Kamfanonin da ke ƙera motoci masu amfani da batira, musamman kamfanonin China, sun fara nuna son samar da batura mara cobalt. Irin waɗannan baturan sun fi rashin inganci, amma sun fi araha.

Dakatar da fitar da cobalt ta fara tayar da farashin cobalt ɗin a duniya, musamman a kasuwannin China.

Duk da cewa ƙasar na da cobalt a ajiye, kamfanoni sun kiyasta cewa babu wanda zai kai wata huɗu ana amfanin da shi. Idan ba a samu wani wurin samar da cobalt ba, farashin ka iya tashin gauron zabi nan da wata shida, in ji Searle.

Muhimmancinsa ga tattalin arzikin Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo

Ya ce cikin shekaru biyun da suka wuce an samu gagarumar ƙaruwa ta cobalt ɗin da Kongo ke samarwa inda kamfanin CMOC na China, wanda a da ake kira China Molybdenum, ya samu gagarumar ƙaruwa a wannan harkar.

Kamfanin, wanda ke kan gaba wajen samar da cobalt, na aiki a ɗaya daga mahaƙun ma’aidinai biyu da suka fi girma a duniya da ke Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo.

"Yawan cobalt da aka samarwa a kasuwa ya samu ne bisa ga ƙarin cobalt da aka haƙo daga Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo," in ji Searle. Domin abu ne da ake samu wajen samar da jan ƙarfe (copper), samun ƙarin copper ɗin da ake haƙowa saboda yana tsada, lamarin da ya janyo yawan cobalt a kasuwa, in ji masana.

Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo na da arzikin ma’adinai da yawa duk da cewa kashi uku cikin huɗun ‘yan kasar na rayuwa kan ƙasa da dala $2.15 a yini a shekarar 2024, in ji Bankin Duniya. A shekarar 2023, fannin haƙar ma’adinai ya samar da kashi 70 cikin 100 na haɓakar tattalin arziƙin Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Kongo.

Amma fannin na fama da fasa-ƙwauri da ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da kuma cin hanci da rashawa.

Lamarin ya yi ƙamari a shekarar 2021 inda tashin hankali ya sake kunno kai a yankunan gabashin ƙasar inda ake haƙar zinari da coltan a lardunan Kivu ta Arewa da Kivu ta Kudu.

Fasa-Ƙwauri da kuma haƙar ma’adinai ba bisa ƙa’ida ba

An fi haƙar cobalt ne a lardin Katanga da ke kudu maso gabashin ƙasar, mai kimanin nisan kilomita 1,000 daga inda ake yaƙi, kuma yaƙin bai shafe shi ba.

Amma hanyar samar da cobalt ɗin, kamar ta sauran ma’adinai a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo, tana samun matsalar aikata mayan laifuka, kamar na ma’adinai da yawa a Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo, in ji Oluwole Ojewale, wani mai bincike a Enact wadda ke nazari kan laifuka a Afirka, a shekarar 2024.

Wannan ya haɗa da "haƙar ma’adinai ba bisa ƙa’ida ba da fasa-ƙwauri da kuma haɗa-baki da masu haƙar ma’adinai ba bisa  ƙa’ida ba da ƙungiyoyin ‘yan daba da kuma ma’aikatan gwamnatin da ke da hannu a haƙar ma’adinai da kasuwanci ", in ji shi.

A shekarar 2019, gwamnatin Kongo ta kafa hukumar ARECOMS da ke tsara haƙar ma’adinai na ƙananan masu haƙar ma’adinai, ta hanyar daƙile ci da gumin yara tare da gudanar da bincike kan lamarin.

Amma ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin bil’adama suna ci gaba da Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa kuma yanayin aiki mai cike da hatsari da yara ke fuskanta a ƙananan wuraren haƙar ma’adinai —musamman wuraren haƙar cobalt.

Gasar biyayya

Gwamnatin a shekarar 2019 ta bai wa kamfanin EGC mallakar gwamnati ikon kasancewa mai sayar da cobalt ɗin da aka haƙo da hannu da matsakaitan masana’antu. Wata dokar gwamnati ta faɗaɗa wannan ikon a watan Fabrairun, amma kawo yanzu ba a ɗabbaka ta ba.

"Gwamnati ba ta da ƙarfin sa ido da tabbatar da biyayya, saboda masu lasisin haƙar ma’adinai (na ƙasa da na ƙetare) za su iya aiki ba tare da bin dokar ba," in ji Ojewale.

Kuma yana da matuƙar wahala a iya auna” iya cobalt ɗin da aka haƙo da hannu, in ji Searle.

Ya kiysta cewa ya faɗi sosai cikin ‘yan shekarun nan kuma ya kasance kashi uku zuwa biyar cikin ɗari na dukkanin cobalt ɗin da aka haƙa a shekarar  2024. "A wannan matakin, za mu iya cewa ba shi ne ya janyo yawansa a kasuwa ba," in ji shi.