Wata ya kasance wata halitta da Ubangiji ya samar inda dubban shekaru mawaƙa da masana falsafa ke tuntuntuni a kai, har zuwa lokacin da Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet suka mayar da shi fagen gwada ƙwanjin samun matsuguni a duniyar wata a ƙarni na 20.

Ya zuwa 2025, wata ya zama fagen gudanar da wata sabuwar gasa: wadda za a dinga samar da makamashi.

Amurka, China da Rasha na ƙoƙarin kafa cibiyoyin nukiliya a sararin Duniyar Wata, suna alƙawarin gudanar da ayyukan neman albarkatun ƙasa da ma mazaunin ɗan'adam na dindindin a can.

Amma yayin da waɗannan manyan ƙasashe ke shirin yin amfani da duniyar wata, tambaya guda ɗaya na kai komo a zukatan jama’a: shin waɗannan tashoshin nukiliya za su iya haddasa iƙirarin mallakin yanki, da kuma yin barazana ga kwanciyar hankalin sararin samaniya?

Tunanin kafa cibiyar nukiliya a Duniyar Wata ya zama kamar wani wasan kwaikwayo na kimiyya. Amma yana daf da zama gaske, ba kamar yadda mafi yawan mutane ba su zata ba. Yanayin duniyar wata - maganaɗisu mai rauni - da darare biyu masu tsayi - na bayyana ana buƙatar makamashi mai ƙarfi domin yin rayuwa a duniyar.

Allunan zuƙar hasken rana ba su da wani amfani a wajen da ake samun dare mai tsayi sosai, kuma batira ba za su jima suna aiki ba.

Hakan ne ya bar masu binciken sararin samaniya da zaɓi ɗaya tilo na samar da makamashin nukiliya, ko ta hanyar na’urar da ke sarrafa nukiliya wadda ke raba manyan ƙwayoyin zarra zuwa ƙanana, ko kuma na’urar da ke tattara ƙananan ƙwayoyin zarra zuwa manya don bayar da makamashi mai ƙarfi.

Mark J Sundahl, darakta a Cibiyar Dokokin Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya da ke Jami'ar Jihar Cleveland, ya gaya wa TRT World  cewa za a iya amfani da ma'aunin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya don ayyukan binciken duniyoyi da sararin samaniya, aikin da zai iya faɗaɗa zuwa Duniyar Wata.

Amma wannan ci-gaba na fasaha ya zo da batutuwan shari’a da na yankuna da ma siyasa.

Yarjejeniyar Sararin Samaniya ta 1967, ginshiƙin dokar bincike a sararin samaniya, a bayyane take: babu wata ƙasa da za ta iya da'awar mallakar wata ko duniyar sama.

"Yarjejeniyar ba ta haramta gina tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya ba. Ta haramta makaman nukiliya ne kawai," in ji AJ Link, wani farfesa a fannin nazarin dokokin sararin samaniya a Jami'ar Howard, a ira da TRT World.

Wannan ya bayar da dama ga al'ummomi su kafa na’urorin sarrafa nukiliya, amma haramcin yarjejeniyar ya shafi mallaka da ke da manufar hana wata kasa cewa ita ce ta mallaki wani waje a duniyar sama.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda Sundahl ya yi tsokaci, kai na’urar sarrafa makamashin nukiliya duniyar wata ba zai shafi ainihin ƙa'idar yarjejeniyar da ta haramta "mallakar wani waje" a duniyar sama ba.

Bayan haka, manyan ƙasashen duniya da ke ƙwace sassan Duniyar Wata tare da tabbatar da hakkin su yi aiki a wajen, na iya haifar da yaƙin sararin samaniya a nan gaba.

Ka yi tunanin yanayin wata mai cike da mashigin makaman nukiliya, kowace al'umma ce ke sarrafa su. Waɗannan wurare na iya ƙarfafa ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai don albarkatu masu ƙarancin gaske kamar helium-3, man fetur don tsaftataccen makamashin haɗewa.

Fuskar wata na da wadatar helium-3, wani abu mai wuyar samu a duniya. A zahiri, yawancin masu bincike kan sararin samaniya na ambatar helium-3 a matsayin babban dalilin komawa wata. Manazarta sun ce gwamnatin Trump na iya tura masu samar da wutar lantarki don amfani da waɗannan albarkatun.

Sabon shafin gogayya

Mene ne zai faru lokacin da tashar nukiliya mallakin wata ƙasa ta zauna a kan babbar shigifar makamashi ta helium-3 da ta lulluɓe wata?

Yunƙurin kula da wannan waje na iya kai wa ga yiwuwar jin wata ƙasa na cewa wajen mallakinta ne.

Ilyas Golcuklu, shugaban sashen dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa masu zaman kansu na jami'ar Altinbas da ke Istanbul, ya kira lamarin da "sabon tsere a sararin samaniya".

"Bai kamata sararin samaniya da yake mallakin kowa ba ya zama ya takaita ga amfanin wasu ƙasashe da suka ci gaba su dinga gwada ƙwanjin soji,” kamar yadda ya shaida wa TRT World.

Ba kamar lokacin yaƙin cacar baka ba lokacin da Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet suka fafata don neman ƙarfi a fannin fasahar ƙere-ƙere, gasar sararin samaniya ta yanzu ba manyan ƙasashe kaɗai ta shafa ba, har ma da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kamar SpaceX na Elon Musk SpaceX da Blue Origin na Jeff Bezos.

"Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu za su iya mamaye gogayyar kafa cibiyar nukiliya a duniyar wata," in ji Link, tare da lura da cewa yarjejeniyar sararin samaniyar ta ɗora alhakin ayyukan a kan kamfanoninsu.

Hakan na nufin cewa idan wani kamfani na Amurka ya ajje na’urar sarrafa nukiliya a duniyar wata, a ƙarshe gwamnatin Amurka za ta ɗauki alhakin duk wani hatsari da za a samu a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Daukar Nauyi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

An gwada wannan a 1978 lokacin da tauraron ɗan’adam na Soviet, Kosmos 954, ya faɗo a Canada, yana zubar da ɓuraguzan tururin radiyeshin. Tarayyar Soviet ta biya diyyar miliyoyin kuɗi, lamarin da ke nuna hatsarin ayyukan nukiliya a sararin samaniya.

Yarjejeniyar Artemis, jerin tsare-tsare marasa tilasta aiki da su tsakanin Amurka da wasu ƙasashe wadda ta zayyana ƙa'idodin da ake sa ran a bi a sararin samaniya, ita ma ƙara bayar da tsaro ga duniyar sama.

Waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin na bayar da damar samar da “yankuna masu aminci” a kwayen duniyar wata don kare ayyukan. "A yarjejeniyar Artemis an tanadi samarwa ko kafa “yanku masu aminci” in ji shi.

"(Amma) Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Amfani da Zaman Lafiya a sararin samaniya na tattauna yadda hakkin amfani da sararin samaniya zai kasance," in ji shi.

Idan tashar nukiliya na buƙatar yankuna masu aminci, shin zai iya canzawa zuwa da'awar gaskiya akan albarkatun da ke kewayen duniyar watan?

Golcuklu ya ce kasashe za su iya "tallata" na’urorinsu na sarrafa nukiliya a matsayin masu hidima ga jama’a, amma kuma a boye suna biyan bukatunsu ne.

"Da'awar mallakar wani waje a cibiyar nukiliya a duniyar wata ko wasu sassan sararin samaniya ba abu ne da ba za a gani ba a nan gaba, abin takaici ne hakan," in ji shi.

Wannan na faruwa duk da cewa Yarjejeniyar Wata, kari ga yarjejeniyar sararin samaniya, na da manufar kiyaye duniyar wata daga makamai. "Yarjejeniyar wata ta haramta kusan dukkan kayan aikin soji." in ji Golcuklu.

Amma bambancin da ke tsakanin amfani farar hula da na soja ba shi da kyau. Na’urar makamashin nukiliya da ke bayar da wutar lantarki a duniyar wata na iya tallafawa ayyuka masu mahimmanci, kamar sadarwar tauraron dan adam ko bincike.

"Ayyukan soji a sararin samaniya a koyaushe na iya barazana ga hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa," in ji Link.

Kasashe da yawa sun bayyana fargabar cewa kasashe masu karfi na iya mamaye sararin samaniya, tare da barin kananan kasashe a gefe.

Golcuklu ya ce kasashe masu tasowa na iya zama marasa bayar da hadin kai idan manyan kasashe suka yi amfani da sararin samaniya kamar kasashensu.

Cibiyoyin nukiliya a duniyar wata

Tanadin Kare Muhalli da ke kunshe a Yarjejeniyar Duniyar Wata - kamar guje wa "lalacewar wajen" - ma'ana daukar datti daga duniya zuwa duniyar wata - "Yarjejeniyar duniyar wata ba ta da amfani sosai," in ji Link.

Hatsarin nukiliya a duniyar wata na iya tarwatsa kayan fitar da tiririn radiation, wanda zai hana ba amfani da manyan wurare. Yawan kudaden da aka kashe don tsaftace muhalli bayan hatsarin Kosmos 954 na nuna cewa sakamakon duk wani mummunan hatsari a duniyar wata zai iya yin muni sosai.

Shigar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na kara ta’azzara irin wannan fargaba. Makaman roka da ake sake amfani da su na kamfanin SpaceX da balaguron duniyar wata na Blue Origin sunya su zama manyan masu taka rawa a duniyar sararin samaniya.

Idan kamfani kamar SpaceX ya samar da na’urar sarrafa nukiliya, wa zai tabbatar sun cika ka'idojin kasa da kasa?

Tabbas, yarjejeniyar sararin samaniya na buƙatar kulawar hukumomi. Amma yayin da masu zaman kansu ke samun tasiri, kasashe irin su Turkiyya na iya buƙatar dokokin sararin samaniya masu karfi don magance husuma, in ji Golcuklu.

Manazarta sun ce gasar kafa cibiyar nukiliyar a duniyar wata na iya sake fasalin dokar sararin samaniya. Golcuklu ya yi kashedin cewa, "Abubuwan da suka faru na kwanan nan na iya haifar da sabbin bayanai, musamman game da iƙirarin mallakar yanki.

Idan kasashe suka matsa don neman mallakar cibiyoyin nukiliya a duniyar wata, za a iya jarraba haramcin da yarjejeniyar duniyar sama ta sanya kan ikirarin mallakar waje.

Link na shakkar sake yin cikakken bayani da fayyace dokar sararin samaniya na da wani muhimmanci, kamar yadda dokokin yanzu ke bayar da dama amfani da duniyar wata amma suka hana ikirarin mallakar wani waje ba a duniyar.

Tare yiwuwar samun karin tashoshin sarrafa nukiliya a duniyar wata, za kuma a iya samun ikirarin mallakar wani waje da sunan samar da yanki mai tsaro.

Golcuklu ya ce "Dole ne dukkan’yan adam su amfana da samun damar zuwa duniyar sama.”